Bibliography vs Works Cited vs References
Three names for the list at the end of your paper — but they don’t mean exactly the same thing. Here’s the difference.
The quick distinction
A Works Cited (MLA) or References (APA) list contains only the sources you cited in the text. A bibliography is broader: it can also include works you read for background but didn’t cite.
| Style | Name of the list | Includes |
|---|---|---|
| APA | References | Only works cited |
| MLA | Works Cited | Only works cited |
| Chicago (notes) | Bibliography | Cited + sometimes consulted |
| Chicago (author-date) | Reference list | Only works cited |
| Harvard | Reference list | Only works cited |
Annotated bibliography
Some assignments ask for an annotated bibliography: each source is followed by a few sentences summarising what it says and judging how useful or reliable it is. It’s great practice for evaluating sources.
Formatting basics
Whatever it’s called, the list is usually alphabetical by author’s last name, double-spaced, with a hanging indent (the first line flush left, later lines indented). Keep one consistent style throughout.
Frequently asked questions
Is a bibliography the same as a Works Cited?
What is an annotated bibliography?
What does APA call its list?
Do I list sources I read but didn’t cite?
These guides explain the current editions in plain language and are a study aid, not official style manuals. For exact rules and edge cases, check your assignment brief and the official APA, MLA or Chicago guidance — and when in doubt, ask your instructor.