Writing

How to structure a research paper

Most term papers follow the same skeleton. Get the structure right and the writing gets much easier.

The standard shape

Introduction — a hook, brief background, and your thesis statement at the end.
Body paragraphs — one idea each: topic sentence → evidence (with a citation) → your analysis → a link to the next point.
Counterargument (for argumentative papers) — fairly state an opposing view, then respond to it.
Conclusion — restate the thesis in fresh words, draw the points together, and end with why it matters. Don’t add new evidence here.
References / Works Cited — every source you cited, in one consistent style.

A reusable outline

I. Introduction → thesis
II. Point 1 → evidence + analysis
III. Point 2 → evidence + analysis
IV. Point 3 → evidence + analysis
V. Counterargument + response
VI. Conclusion
VII. References

Tips that save rewrites

Outline before you draft. Make sure every paragraph supports the thesis — if one doesn’t, cut it or fix the thesis. Cite as you write so you never lose a source, and keep one citation style throughout. When you need a fact or figure, the converter and Study search are a tap away.

Frequently asked questions

What’s a basic research-paper structure?

Introduction (hook, background, thesis) → body paragraphs (one idea each, with evidence and analysis) → conclusion → reference list.

How long should each part be?

As a rough guide, the introduction and conclusion are about 10% each, leaving roughly 80% for the body. Follow any length rules in your brief.

What goes in a body paragraph?

Start with a topic sentence, give evidence (with a citation), explain how it supports your thesis, then link to the next point.

Should I write the introduction first?

Many writers draft it last, once they know exactly what the paper argues. An outline first, though, always helps.

These guides explain the current editions in plain language and are a study aid, not official style manuals. For exact rules and edge cases, check your assignment brief and the official APA, MLA or Chicago guidance — and when in doubt, ask your instructor.